PDF] Classification of Acid and Base I Properties of Acid and Base I Acid Bases and Salts note Class 10
Classification of Acids
1] On the basis of origin:
Acids are classified as (i) Organic acid
(ii) Mineral acid:
* Organic acids: These acids basically derives from living organisms like animals ,Birds and Plants. For example: citric acid is present in fruits, acetic acid present in vinegar, oxalic , tartaric and lactic acid present in tomato, tamarind, and in sour milk & curd respectively.
* Mineral acids: These acids are also called as inorganic acid. They are very dangerous in nature.
Example sulphuric acid (H₂SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCI) etc.
2] On the basis of strength:
Acids are classified as (i) Strong acid
(ii) Weak acid :
* Strong acids: This type of acids Completely dissociate into its ions in aqueous solutions.
Example: Nitric acid (HNO3), sulphuric acid (H₂SO4), hydrochloric acid (HCI).
* Weak acids: In aqueous solutions these acids do not dissociates completely into its ions.
For example: carbonic acid (H₂CO), acetic acid (CH3COOH).
3] On the basis of concentration:
Acids are classified as (i) Dilute acids
(ii) Concentrated acids :
* Dilute acids: These acids have a low concentration of acids in aqueous solutions.
* Concentrated acids: These acids have a high concentration of acids in aqueous solutions.
4] On the basis of number of hydrogen ion:
Acids can be classified as 4 types
(i) Monoprotic acid :
(ii) Diprotic acid
(iii) Tripotic acid
(iv) Polyprotic acid
•》Monoprotic acid - This type of acid produces only one mole of H+ ions per mole of acid. e.g., HCI, HNO3
•》Diprotic acid - This type of acid produce two moles of H+ ions per mole of acid. e.g., H₂SO4.
•》Triprotic acid - This acid produces three moles of H+ ions per mole of acid. e.g., H3PO4.
•》Polyprotic acid - Such acids can produce more than three H+ ions per mole of acid.
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Properties of Acids:
- Produce hydrogen ions [H+] in H₂O.
- Sour taste.
- Turn blue litmus red.
- Act as electrolytes in Solution.
- Neutralize solutions carrying hydroxide ions.
- Acids releases Hydrogen gas after reactswith several metals.
- React with carbonates releasing CO₂ (g)
- Destroy body tissues.
corrode metal surface quickly. -
Properties of Base:
- Produce hydroxide ions [OH-] in H₂O.
- Water soluble bases are called alkalies.
- Bitter Taste
- Turn Red Litmus blue.
- Act as electrolytes in Solution.
- Neutralize solutions containing H+ ions.
- Have a slippery, 'soapy' feel.
- Dissolve fatty material.
Classification of Bases :
1] On the basis of strength :
Bases are classified as (i) Strong base
(ii) Weak base :
* Strong bases: These are the bases which gives more ions when it completely dissociates in aqueous solution. Example: sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH).
* Weak bases: These are the bases which gives low ion and do not completely dissociate in aqueous solutions. For example: ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH).
2] On the basis of concentration :
Bases are classified as (i) Dilute bases
(ii) Concentrated bases :
* Dilute bases: These bases have a low concentration of alkali in aqueous solutions.
* Concentrated bases: These bases have a high concentration of alkali in aqueous solutions.